Traditional European theology is shaped by the idea of unity because Christianity has been a decisive factor in uniting Europe since the Constantinian Shift. From modern times on, however, the plurality in Europe has increased. The article argues that modern Europe is characterized by a plurality of religious and non-religious worldviews and therefore needs a new kind of culture-sensitive epistemology to do justice to the prevailing diversity and fluidity of identities. By developing this epistemology, European theology will be able to overcome Eurocentric thinking and thus learn from non-European theologies